Martial Law: "The suspension of
normal civil law and its replacement by strict military control.
Often declared during times of civil unrest."
* * * *
*
There are certain things, for
most of us, that are too big to contemplate with a sense of intimate
reality. As abstractions we can think of them, but as living
experiences they elude us. The effect of a nuclear attack in the
U.S. or of multiple attacks upon different cities falls into this
category. It is so horrible for us to imagine because of the
vastness of the destruction it would cause, that we cannot wrap our
feelings around it in advance - we cannot even begin to feel what we
would feel if it actually happened. We can only touch it with our
minds as an idea, and increasingly, as a thought that has been made
public by various political figures.
See: "Kennedy: Bush
Makes U.S. More Vulnerable." (Sept. 27, 2004)
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-Kennedy-Iraq.html Thinking
about what is emotionally impossible to grasp can be a useful thing
to do as a way of preparing for an event like this. Knowledge of
some of the ramifications involved - legally, structurally,
militarily, and socially - can give a tiny bit of comfort, just a
tiny bit, because we have a little knowledge of what could happen.
It is not much. It is not the emotional impact which is impossible
for us to truly prepare for. But it is something.
Government agencies such as
FEMA and the Dept. of Homeland Security are presently in active
stages of preparation for such an event. The International Red Cross
also has protocols in place for dealing with a nuclear disaster,
based on experience with other nuclear events involving radiation
and contamination that they have dealt with. In addition, the
Departments of Emergency Management within each state have plans in
place to handle different kinds of catastrophes. These departments
will soon receive federal guidelines for dealing with a potential
"dirty bomb" attack.
We can
look at these efforts and be glad for them, knowing that they can
help create sanity in what might very well be a time of upheaval and
hysteria. This does not mean that the current state of readiness can
meet the challenge that a large-scale nuclear attack would present,
or that there is any way of truly 'meeting' it, except in the
moment. But it means that certain measures are in place to do so,
and that we can be grateful for these. We can also consider the
changes in government policy which would likely follow a major
nuclear event, and look at the laws in place that would be called
upon to set up emergency structures and vehicles through which order
and safety could be restored. There is concern among many about the
possible misuse of these emergency provisions, which is all the more
reason for us to know what the laws are and how they are meant to be
applied.
These are not things
that we
want to know about. But they are things it may be
useful to know about prior to an emergency situation so that
should it occur, we do not loose our footing entirely.
*
* * * *
The following links
will take you to a discussion of the aftermath of a nuclear attack,
specifically in relation to support and services to people. The
first three links concern plans for evacuation of refugees from an
attack area to temporary 'cities' that would be erected. The
planning for this is already underway at FEMA, according to some
reports.
"FEMA Preparing for Mass Destruction Attacks on
Cities." (July 15, 2002)
http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2002/7/14/214727.shtml NewsMax
writes that on June 19, 2002, FEMA posted a special bid notice for
one of the agency's largest contract awards ever. (See: Draft FEMA
Bid Notice:
http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2002/8/6/182408.shtmloffering
contracting firms $300 million for a five-year contract to prepare
plans to create temporary housing on a scale never before
imagined. Though preparation for a nuclear event was never
mentioned directly, in the opinion of many, this bid primarily
involved a consideration of nuclear threat as primary, and
preparation for a natural disaster as secondary."
"FEMA Plans to Move Residents of
Towns, Cities." (April 12, 2004)
http://www.911review.org/Wget/www.americanfreepress.net/09_27_02 The
next link concerns Red Cross protocols for dealing with a nuclear
event. Look particularly at the section relating to psychological
and emotional consequences to people:
"Annex III. The Role of
the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in technological
disaster."
http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/
siteeng0.nsf/iwpList74/C456E8A2E492730DC1256B660059AB84 According
to the Red Cross report, (See: Sec. 4.2 and 4.3 under "Potential
Risks of Technological Disasters), maximum psychosocial disruption
emerges from disasters characterized by:
*
suddenness; * high uncertainty; * prolonged
duration; * broad scope of physical destruction;
* death and injury; * occurrence at
night; * massive exposure of survivors to dead and badly
injured individuals..."
The
report adds, "if the affected people do not get help and support in
their suffering, the psychological problems may increase and lead to
serious psychological and physical diseases which have consequences
for the social life and welfare of the family and community."
* * * *
*
Regarding the legal and
constitutional issues involved in the aftermath of a nuclear event,
many legal authorities concern themselves with the prospect of the
concentration of government powers in the hands of the executive at
a time of national crisis. Their concerns are for the maintenance of
individual liberties in the presence of martial law, and for the
preservation of the historic rules ("Posse Comitatus") which have
prevented a standing military presence from being charged with
maintaining law and order within the states. These legal issues are
well summarized in the following two articles:
"War on
Terrorism Will Compel Revisions to Posse Comitatus." (Dec., 2002)
http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/article.cfm?Id=1000"Challenges
to Prevention and Preparedness: Intelligence, Legal, Organizational,
and Budgetary."
This article is by the Homeland Security
Institute, not the U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security (DHS), but
related to it. HSI was established in April, 2004 by the DHS. (See
section on "Emergency Legal Authorities.)
http://www.homelandsecurity.org/
bulletin/Primer_ChallengestoPreventionandPreparedness.htmEfforts
of the federal government to prepare states and cities in advance of
a nuclear event are described in the following two
articles:
"U.S. Plans to Offer Guidance for a Dirty Bomb
Aftermath." ( Sept. 27, 2004)
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/27/politics/27nukes.html"Feds
Prepare Cities for Dirty Nukes Attacks." (Sept. 28, 2004)
http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2004/9/27/154617.shtml*
* * * *
In his speech on Sept. 26,
2004, Senator Kennedy said the war in Iraq had "created a new
breeding ground for terrorists, distracted from efforts to eliminate
al-Qaida, alienated America's allies, and allowed North Korea and
Iran to pursue nuclear weapons."
"The war in Iraq has made
the mushroom cloud more likely, not less
likely."